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UPSC Notes

UPSC और SSCहिन्दीभारत

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Oct 17, 2026, 1:02 AM
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आप हिंदी में सामग्री देख रहे हैं। अन्य भाषाओं में सामग्री देखने के लिए साइट की भाषा बदलें।

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चैनल का नामUPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS
यूज़रनेम@cseupscnotes
श्रेणीUPSC और SSC
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बनाया गया22 अप्रैल 2026
आखिरी अपडेट17 अक्टू॰ 2026 • 5 दिन पहले
स्थितिसक्रिय

रैंकिंग

ग्लोबल रैंकिंग
#273465-479
भाषा रैंकिंग
#1845+6
श्रेणी रैंकिंग
#2328-1

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नवीनतम पोस्ट

UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS logo
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

06 अक्टू॰ 2026, 18:37

#Food_Preservatives are substances added to food to prevent or slow down spoilage and maintain natural colours and flavours.

Two reasons for food spoilage

• Microbial contamination
• Fats reacting with oxygen (oxidation)

Preservative criteria

• Non-toxic
• Functional
• Flavourless
• Economical

Sorbic acid - It is a food preservative which protects many food varieties from yeast and mold spoilage. It is an organic compound, with naturally strong antimicrobial capabilities.

Sodium benzoate - It is a food preservative commonly used in fruit pies, jams, beverages, salads, foods with acidic pH.

It is used in processed foods to prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus that could spoil the food.

Citric Acid - Its acidic pH makes it useful as a food preservative and preserves the color of the food since it significantly slows the oxidation.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is not a food preservative.

It is a food additive, which is used as a flavour enhancer commonly added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats.
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UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS logo
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

06 अक्टू॰ 2026, 18:37

Coal Gasification is one of the clean coal technologies and involves the process of converting coal into synthesis gas/ syngas.
• Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The by-products of coal gasification include coke, coal tar, sulfur, ammonia and fly ash, all having their own potential uses.
• CO2 and ammonia are further reacted to produce urea.
• Syngas can also be used in a variety of other applications such as in the production of electricity, fuel for IC engines, making plastics, cement etc
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UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

06 अक्टू॰ 2026, 18:37

Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA is the process or study which
▪️predicts the effect of a proposed industrial/infrastructural project on the environment.
▪️prevents the proposed activity/project from being approved without proper oversight or taking adverse consequences into account.
▪️compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
1,400000
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS logo
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

06 अक्टू॰ 2026, 18:37

There are 4 types of genetic diseases

1⃣ Single Gene - Disorders caused by abnormality or mutation in the sequence of one gene.

2⃣ Multifactorial - Caused by a combination of environmental factors as well as mutations in multiple genes.

3⃣ Chromosomal - Abnormalities in chromosome structure such has missing or extra copies

4⃣ Mitochondrial - Caused by a mutation in non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria
1,390000
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS logo
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

06 अक्टू॰ 2026, 18:37

Hotspot volcanism is a type of volcanism that occurs at the interior of the lithospheric plates rather than plate margins.

Well known hotspots include-
1) Hawaiian Hotspot
2) Yellowstone Hotspot
3) Reunion Hotspot

Hotspot volcanism occurs due to abnormally hot centres in the mantle known as "mantle plumes".

Most of the mantle plumes lie far from tectonic plate boundaries (e.g. Hawaiian Hotspot), but there are some exceptions which are located near plate boundaries (e.g. Iceland Hotspot, Afar Hotspot).
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UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS

04 सित॰ 2026, 19:17

993 copies sold, now only 7 copies of notes are left in stock at Heavy Discount Rates.

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✅ Consized GS Notes @ RS199 Only
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23 अप्रैल 2026, 15:46

🛡️Vikramshila University

♟️Vikramshila University (also called Vikramashila Mahavihara) was one of the most important centers of Buddhist learning in ancient India, alongside Nalanda and Odantapuri.

💎1. Historical Background

♟️Founded by:- King Dharampala of the Pala Dynasty

♟️Period:- Around late 8th or early 9th century CE

♟️Location:- Present-day Antichak village, Bhagalpur district, Bihar, India

♟️Purpose:- Established to improve the quality of Buddhist education and to counter the decline in Nalanda’s academic standards.

💎2. Academic Reputation

♟️Known for Tantric Buddhism (Vajrayana) studies.

♟️Specialized in philosophy, logic, grammar, metaphysics, and Buddhist rituals.

♟️Attracted scholars from Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and Southeast Asia.

💎3. Structure & Organization

♟️Spread over a large campus with more than 100 rooms for monks.

♟️Had a central stupa, surrounded by a large square monastery.

♟️Six gates, each guarded by scholar-monks.

♟️At its peak, housed about 1,000 monks and 100 teachers.

💎4. Famous Scholars

♟️Atīśa Dīpaṅkara Śrījñāna – a great Buddhist scholar who later traveled to Tibet and revitalized Buddhism there.

♟️Ratnākaraśānti – renowned philosopher and poet.

♟️Naropa – Indian Buddhist master, teacher of Tibetan translator Marpa.

💎5. Decline

♟️Destroyed around 1193 CE by Bakhtiyar Khilji during the Muslim invasions, the same period Nalanda was also destroyed.

♟️The ruins were buried under earth for centuries until rediscovery in the late 19th century.

💎6. Present Status

♟️Excavated remains are protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

♟️You can still see the monastery layout, stupa base, and ornamental brickwork.

♟️Plans have been proposed to revive Vikramshila as a modern university.
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